feat(offroute): Phase O4 — multi-mode cost functions (foot/mtb/atv/vehicle)

- Add ModeProfile dataclass for data-driven mode configuration
- Implement three speed functions:
  * Tobler off-path hiking (foot)
  * Herzog wheeled-transport polynomial (mtb/atv)
  * Linear speed degradation (vehicle)
- Add WildernessReader for PAD-US Des_Tp=WA wilderness areas
- Mode-specific terrain friction overrides:
  * Forest impassable for ATV/vehicle, high friction for MTB
  * Wetland/mangrove impassable for all wheeled modes
- Trail access rules:
  * Foot trails (value 25) impassable for ATV/vehicle
- Wilderness blocking for mtb/atv/vehicle modes
- Vehicle mode allows flat grassland/cropland traversal
- Memory optimization: limit entry points, constrain bbox size
- Update router to pass mode and wilderness to cost function
- Add vehicle to API mode validation

Validated all four modes with test route:
- foot: 0.46km off-network, 12.11km network, 89% on trail
- mtb: 0.47km off-network, 13.13km network, 90% on trail
- atv: 0.47km off-network, 12.81km network, 90% on trail
- vehicle: 0.46km off-network, 12.81km network, 89% on trail

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Matt 2026-05-08 14:11:56 +00:00
commit bc463188d5
4 changed files with 744 additions and 331 deletions

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@ -2768,8 +2768,8 @@ def api_offroute():
# Parse options
mode = data.get("mode", "foot")
if mode not in ("foot", "mtb", "atv"):
return jsonify({"status": "error", "message": "mode must be foot, mtb, or atv"}), 400
if mode not in ("foot", "mtb", "atv", "vehicle"):
return jsonify({"status": "error", "message": "mode must be foot, mtb, atv, or vehicle"}), 400
boundary_mode = data.get("boundary_mode", "pragmatic")
if boundary_mode not in ("strict", "pragmatic", "emergency"):

View file

@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
"""
PAD-US barrier layer for OFFROUTE.
PAD-US barrier and wilderness layers for OFFROUTE.
Provides access to the PAD-US land ownership raster for routing decisions.
Cells with value 255 represent closed/restricted areas (Pub_Access = XA).
Provides access to:
1. Barrier raster (Pub_Access = 'XA' - closed/restricted areas)
2. Wilderness raster (Des_Tp = 'WA' - designated wilderness areas)
Build function rasterizes PAD-US geodatabase to aligned GeoTIFF.
Runtime functions read the raster and resample to match elevation grids.
Build functions rasterize PAD-US geodatabase to aligned GeoTIFFs.
Runtime functions read the rasters and resample to match elevation grids.
"""
import numpy as np
from pathlib import Path
@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ except ImportError:
# Paths
DEFAULT_BARRIERS_PATH = Path("/mnt/nav/worldcover/padus_barriers.tif")
DEFAULT_WILDERNESS_PATH = Path("/mnt/nav/worldcover/wilderness.tif")
PADUS_GDB_PATH = Path("/mnt/nav/padus/PADUS4_0_Geodatabase.gdb")
PADUS_LAYER = "PADUS4_0Combined_Proclamation_Marine_Fee_Designation_Easement"
@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ PIXEL_SIZE = 0.0003 # ~33m
class BarrierReader:
"""Reader for PAD-US barrier raster."""
"""Reader for PAD-US barrier raster (closed/restricted areas)."""
def __init__(self, barrier_path: Path = DEFAULT_BARRIERS_PATH):
self.barrier_path = barrier_path
@ -77,32 +79,86 @@ class BarrierReader:
0 = public/accessible
"""
ds = self._open()
# Create a window from the bounding box
window = from_bounds(west, south, east, north, ds.transform)
# Read with resampling to target shape
barriers = ds.read(
1,
window=window,
out_shape=target_shape,
resampling=Resampling.nearest
)
return barriers
def sample_point(self, lat: float, lon: float) -> int:
"""Sample barrier value at a single point."""
ds = self._open()
# Get pixel coordinates
row, col = ds.index(lon, lat)
# Check bounds
if row < 0 or row >= ds.height or col < 0 or col >= ds.width:
return 0 # Out of bounds = accessible
return 0
window = rasterio.windows.Window(col, row, 1, 1)
value = ds.read(1, window=window)
return int(value[0, 0])
# Read single pixel
def close(self):
"""Close the dataset."""
if self._dataset is not None:
self._dataset.close()
self._dataset = None
class WildernessReader:
"""Reader for PAD-US wilderness raster (designated wilderness areas)."""
def __init__(self, wilderness_path: Path = DEFAULT_WILDERNESS_PATH):
self.wilderness_path = wilderness_path
self._dataset = None
def _open(self):
"""Lazy open the dataset."""
if self._dataset is None:
if not self.wilderness_path.exists():
raise FileNotFoundError(
f"Wilderness raster not found at {self.wilderness_path}. "
f"Run build_wilderness_raster() first."
)
self._dataset = rasterio.open(self.wilderness_path)
return self._dataset
def get_wilderness_grid(
self,
south: float,
north: float,
west: float,
east: float,
target_shape: Tuple[int, int]
) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Get wilderness values for a bounding box, resampled to target shape.
Args:
south, north, west, east: Bounding box coordinates (WGS84)
target_shape: (rows, cols) to resample to (matches elevation grid)
Returns:
np.ndarray of uint8 wilderness values:
255 = designated wilderness area
0 = not wilderness
"""
ds = self._open()
window = from_bounds(west, south, east, north, ds.transform)
wilderness = ds.read(
1,
window=window,
out_shape=target_shape,
resampling=Resampling.nearest
)
return wilderness
def sample_point(self, lat: float, lon: float) -> int:
"""Sample wilderness value at a single point."""
ds = self._open()
row, col = ds.index(lon, lat)
if row < 0 or row >= ds.height or col < 0 or col >= ds.width:
return 0
window = rasterio.windows.Window(col, row, 1, 1)
value = ds.read(1, window=window)
return int(value[0, 0])
@ -124,22 +180,12 @@ def build_barriers_raster(
Build the PAD-US barriers raster from the source geodatabase.
Extracts polygons where Pub_Access = 'XA' (Closed) and rasterizes them.
Args:
output_path: Output GeoTIFF path
gdb_path: Path to PAD-US geodatabase
pixel_size: Pixel size in degrees
bounds: CONUS bounding box
Returns:
Path to the created raster
"""
import shutil
if not gdb_path.exists():
raise FileNotFoundError(f"PAD-US geodatabase not found at {gdb_path}")
# Check for required tools
if not shutil.which('ogr2ogr'):
raise RuntimeError("ogr2ogr not found. Install GDAL.")
if not shutil.which('gdal_rasterize'):
@ -154,7 +200,6 @@ def build_barriers_raster(
print(f" Bounds: {bounds}")
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
# Step 1: Extract closed areas and reproject to WGS84
closed_gpkg = Path(tmpdir) / "closed_areas.gpkg"
print(f"\n[1/3] Extracting closed areas (Pub_Access = 'XA')...")
@ -176,28 +221,23 @@ def build_barriers_raster(
print(f"STDERR: {result.stderr}")
raise RuntimeError(f"ogr2ogr failed: {result.stderr}")
# Check feature count
info_cmd = ["ogrinfo", "-so", str(closed_gpkg), "closed_areas"]
info_result = subprocess.run(info_cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
print(f" Extraction result:\n{info_result.stdout}")
# Step 2: Create empty raster
print(f"\n[2/3] Creating raster grid...")
width = int((bounds['east'] - bounds['west']) / pixel_size)
height = int((bounds['north'] - bounds['south']) / pixel_size)
print(f" Grid size: {width} x {height} pixels")
print(f" Memory estimate: {width * height / 1e6:.1f} MB")
# Step 3: Rasterize
print(f"\n[3/3] Rasterizing closed areas...")
rasterize_cmd = [
"gdal_rasterize",
"-burn", "255",
"-init", "0",
"-a_nodata", "0", # No nodata - 0 means accessible
"-a_nodata", "0",
"-te", str(bounds['west']), str(bounds['south']),
str(bounds['east']), str(bounds['north']),
"-tr", str(pixel_size), str(pixel_size),
@ -214,14 +254,10 @@ def build_barriers_raster(
print(f"STDERR: {result.stderr}")
raise RuntimeError(f"gdal_rasterize failed: {result.stderr}")
# Verify output
print(f"\n[Done] Verifying output...")
with rasterio.open(output_path) as ds:
print(f" Size: {ds.width} x {ds.height}")
print(f" CRS: {ds.crs}")
print(f" Bounds: {ds.bounds}")
# Sample a few tiles to check
sample = ds.read(1, window=rasterio.windows.Window(0, 0, 1000, 1000))
closed_count = np.sum(sample == 255)
print(f" Sample (1000x1000): {closed_count} closed cells")
@ -232,17 +268,140 @@ def build_barriers_raster(
return output_path
def build_wilderness_raster(
output_path: Path = DEFAULT_WILDERNESS_PATH,
gdb_path: Path = PADUS_GDB_PATH,
pixel_size: float = PIXEL_SIZE,
bounds: dict = CONUS_BOUNDS,
) -> Path:
"""
Build the PAD-US wilderness raster from the source geodatabase.
Extracts polygons where Des_Tp = 'WA' (Wilderness Area) and rasterizes them.
"""
import shutil
if not gdb_path.exists():
raise FileNotFoundError(f"PAD-US geodatabase not found at {gdb_path}")
if not shutil.which('ogr2ogr'):
raise RuntimeError("ogr2ogr not found. Install GDAL.")
if not shutil.which('gdal_rasterize'):
raise RuntimeError("gdal_rasterize not found. Install GDAL.")
output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
print(f"Building PAD-US wilderness raster...")
print(f" Source: {gdb_path}")
print(f" Output: {output_path}")
print(f" Pixel size: {pixel_size} degrees (~{pixel_size * 111000:.0f}m)")
print(f" Bounds: {bounds}")
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
wilderness_gpkg = Path(tmpdir) / "wilderness_areas.gpkg"
print(f"\n[1/3] Extracting wilderness areas (Des_Tp = 'WA')...")
ogr_cmd = [
"ogr2ogr",
"-f", "GPKG",
str(wilderness_gpkg),
str(gdb_path),
PADUS_LAYER,
"-where", "Des_Tp = 'WA'",
"-t_srs", "EPSG:4326",
"-nlt", "MULTIPOLYGON",
"-nln", "wilderness_areas",
]
result = subprocess.run(ogr_cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode != 0:
print(f"STDERR: {result.stderr}")
raise RuntimeError(f"ogr2ogr failed: {result.stderr}")
info_cmd = ["ogrinfo", "-so", str(wilderness_gpkg), "wilderness_areas"]
info_result = subprocess.run(info_cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
print(f" Extraction result:\n{info_result.stdout}")
print(f"\n[2/3] Creating raster grid...")
width = int((bounds['east'] - bounds['west']) / pixel_size)
height = int((bounds['north'] - bounds['south']) / pixel_size)
print(f" Grid size: {width} x {height} pixels")
print(f"\n[3/3] Rasterizing wilderness areas...")
rasterize_cmd = [
"gdal_rasterize",
"-burn", "255",
"-init", "0",
"-a_nodata", "0",
"-te", str(bounds['west']), str(bounds['south']),
str(bounds['east']), str(bounds['north']),
"-tr", str(pixel_size), str(pixel_size),
"-ot", "Byte",
"-co", "COMPRESS=LZW",
"-co", "TILED=YES",
"-l", "wilderness_areas",
str(wilderness_gpkg),
str(output_path),
]
result = subprocess.run(rasterize_cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode != 0:
print(f"STDERR: {result.stderr}")
raise RuntimeError(f"gdal_rasterize failed: {result.stderr}")
print(f"\n[Done] Verifying output...")
with rasterio.open(output_path) as ds:
print(f" Size: {ds.width} x {ds.height}")
print(f" CRS: {ds.crs}")
sample = ds.read(1, window=rasterio.windows.Window(0, 0, 1000, 1000))
wilderness_count = np.sum(sample == 255)
print(f" Sample (1000x1000): {wilderness_count} wilderness cells")
file_size = output_path.stat().st_size / (1024**2)
print(f" File size: {file_size:.1f} MB")
return output_path
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == "build":
# Build the raster
print("="*60)
print("PAD-US Barriers Raster Build")
print("="*60)
build_barriers_raster()
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
cmd = sys.argv[1]
if cmd == "build":
print("=" * 60)
print("PAD-US Barriers Raster Build")
print("=" * 60)
build_barriers_raster()
elif cmd == "build-wilderness":
print("=" * 60)
print("PAD-US Wilderness Raster Build")
print("=" * 60)
build_wilderness_raster()
elif cmd == "build-all":
print("=" * 60)
print("Building all PAD-US rasters")
print("=" * 60)
build_barriers_raster()
print("\n")
build_wilderness_raster()
else:
print(f"Unknown command: {cmd}")
print("Usage:")
print(" python barriers.py build # Build barriers raster")
print(" python barriers.py build-wilderness # Build wilderness raster")
print(" python barriers.py build-all # Build both rasters")
sys.exit(1)
else:
# Test the reader
# Test readers
print("Testing BarrierReader...")
if not DEFAULT_BARRIERS_PATH.exists():
@ -251,16 +410,31 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(1)
reader = BarrierReader()
# Test grid read for Idaho area
barriers = reader.get_barrier_grid(
south=42.2, north=42.6, west=-114.8, east=-113.8,
target_shape=(400, 1000)
)
print(f"\nGrid test shape: {barriers.shape}")
print(f"\nBarrier grid shape: {barriers.shape}")
print(f"Unique values: {np.unique(barriers)}")
closed_cells = np.sum(barriers == 255)
print(f"Closed cells: {closed_cells} ({100*closed_cells/barriers.size:.2f}%)")
reader.close()
print("\nBarrierReader test complete.")
print("\nTesting WildernessReader...")
if not DEFAULT_WILDERNESS_PATH.exists():
print(f"Wilderness raster not found at {DEFAULT_WILDERNESS_PATH}")
print(f"Run: python barriers.py build-wilderness")
else:
wilderness_reader = WildernessReader()
wilderness = wilderness_reader.get_wilderness_grid(
south=42.2, north=42.6, west=-114.8, east=-113.8,
target_shape=(400, 1000)
)
print(f"Wilderness grid shape: {wilderness.shape}")
print(f"Unique values: {np.unique(wilderness)}")
wilderness_cells = np.sum(wilderness == 255)
print(f"Wilderness cells: {wilderness_cells} ({100*wilderness_cells/wilderness.size:.2f}%)")
wilderness_reader.close()
print("\nDone.")

View file

@ -1,43 +1,207 @@
"""
Tobler off-path hiking cost function for OFFROUTE.
Multi-mode travel cost functions for OFFROUTE.
Computes travel time cost based on terrain slope using Tobler's
hiking function with off-trail penalty. Optionally applies friction
multipliers from land cover data, trail corridors, and barrier grids.
Supports four travel modes: foot, mtb, atv, vehicle.
Each mode has its own speed function, max slope, trail access rules,
and terrain friction overrides.
Mode profiles are data-driven adding a new mode means adding a profile entry.
"""
import math
import numpy as np
from typing import Optional, Literal
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Optional, Literal, Dict, Callable
# Maximum passable slope in degrees
MAX_SLOPE_DEG = 40.0
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SPEED FUNCTIONS
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def tobler_off_path_speed(grade: np.ndarray, base_speed: float = 6.0) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Tobler off-path hiking function.
W = 0.6 * base_speed * exp(-3.5 * |S + 0.05|)
Peak ~3.6 km/h at grade = -0.05 (slight downhill).
The 0.6 multiplier is the off-trail penalty.
"""
return 0.6 * base_speed * np.exp(-3.5 * np.abs(grade + 0.05))
def herzog_wheeled_speed(grade: np.ndarray, base_speed: float = 12.0) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Herzog wheeled-transport polynomial.
Relative speed factor:
1 / (1337.8·S^6 + 278.19·S^5 517.39·S^4 78.199·S^3 + 93.419·S^2 + 19.825·|S| + 1.64)
Multiply by base_speed to get km/h.
"""
S = grade
S_abs = np.abs(S)
# Herzog polynomial (returns relative speed factor 0-1)
denom = (1337.8 * S**6 + 278.19 * S**5 - 517.39 * S**4
- 78.199 * S**3 + 93.419 * S**2 + 19.825 * S_abs + 1.64)
# Avoid division by zero and negative speeds
denom = np.maximum(denom, 0.1)
rel_speed = 1.0 / denom
# Clamp relative speed to reasonable bounds (0.05 to 1.5)
rel_speed = np.clip(rel_speed, 0.05, 1.5)
return base_speed * rel_speed
def linear_degrade_speed(grade: np.ndarray, base_speed: float = 40.0, max_grade: float = 0.364) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Linear speed degradation with slope.
speed = base_speed * max(0, 1 - |grade| / max_grade)
max_grade = tan(20°) 0.364 for 20° max slope.
"""
speed = base_speed * np.maximum(0, 1.0 - np.abs(grade) / max_grade)
return np.maximum(speed, 0.1) # Minimum crawl speed
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# MODE PROFILES (Data-driven configuration)
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@dataclass
class ModeProfile:
"""Configuration for a travel mode."""
name: str
description: str
# Speed function parameters
speed_function: str # "tobler", "herzog", "linear"
base_speed_kmh: float
max_slope_deg: float
# Trail access: trail_value -> friction multiplier (None = impassable)
# Trail values: 5=road, 15=track, 25=foot trail
trail_friction: Dict[int, Optional[float]] = field(default_factory=dict)
# Off-trail terrain friction overrides (by WorldCover class)
# These MULTIPLY the base WorldCover friction
# None = use default, np.inf = impassable
# WorldCover values: 10=tree, 20=shrub, 30=grass, 40=crop, 50=urban,
# 60=bare, 80=water, 90=wetland, 95=mangrove, 100=moss
terrain_friction_override: Dict[int, Optional[float]] = field(default_factory=dict)
# Should wilderness areas be impassable?
wilderness_impassable: bool = False
# For vehicle mode: can traverse off-trail flat terrain?
off_trail_flat_threshold_deg: float = 0.0 # 0 = no off-trail allowed
off_trail_flat_friction: float = np.inf # friction if allowed
# Define all mode profiles
MODE_PROFILES: Dict[str, ModeProfile] = {
"foot": ModeProfile(
name="foot",
description="Hiking on foot (Tobler off-path model)",
speed_function="tobler",
base_speed_kmh=6.0,
max_slope_deg=40.0,
trail_friction={
5: 0.1, # road
15: 0.3, # track
25: 0.5, # foot trail
},
terrain_friction_override={
# Use default WorldCover friction for foot mode
},
wilderness_impassable=False,
),
"mtb": ModeProfile(
name="mtb",
description="Mountain bike / dirt bike (Herzog wheeled model)",
speed_function="herzog",
base_speed_kmh=12.0,
max_slope_deg=25.0,
trail_friction={
5: 0.1, # road
15: 0.2, # track
25: 0.5, # foot trail (rideable but slow)
},
terrain_friction_override={
30: 2.0, # Grassland: rideable but slow
20: 4.0, # Shrubland: barely rideable
10: 8.0, # Tree cover/forest: effectively impassable
60: 3.0, # Bare/rocky
90: np.inf, # Wetland: impassable
95: np.inf, # Mangrove: impassable
80: np.inf, # Water: impassable
},
wilderness_impassable=True,
),
"atv": ModeProfile(
name="atv",
description="ATV / side-by-side (Herzog wheeled model, higher base speed)",
speed_function="herzog",
base_speed_kmh=25.0,
max_slope_deg=30.0,
trail_friction={
5: 0.1, # road
15: 0.3, # track
25: None, # foot trail: impassable (too narrow)
},
terrain_friction_override={
30: 1.5, # Grassland: passable
20: 3.0, # Shrubland: rough
10: np.inf, # Forest: impassable
60: 2.0, # Bare/rocky
90: np.inf, # Wetland: impassable
95: np.inf, # Mangrove: impassable
80: np.inf, # Water: impassable
},
wilderness_impassable=True,
),
"vehicle": ModeProfile(
name="vehicle",
description="4x4 truck / jeep (linear speed degradation)",
speed_function="linear",
base_speed_kmh=40.0,
max_slope_deg=20.0,
trail_friction={
5: 0.1, # road
15: 0.5, # track (rough but passable)
25: None, # foot trail: impassable
},
terrain_friction_override={
# All off-trail terrain is impassable by default
10: np.inf, # Forest
20: np.inf, # Shrubland
30: np.inf, # Grassland (except flat - see below)
40: np.inf, # Cropland (except flat - see below)
60: np.inf, # Bare
90: np.inf, # Wetland
95: np.inf, # Mangrove
80: np.inf, # Water
},
wilderness_impassable=True,
off_trail_flat_threshold_deg=5.0, # Can drive on flat fields
off_trail_flat_friction=5.0, # But very slow
),
}
# Tobler off-path parameters
TOBLER_BASE_SPEED = 6.0
TOBLER_OFF_TRAIL_MULT = 0.6
# Pragmatic mode friction multiplier for private land
PRAGMATIC_BARRIER_MULTIPLIER = 5.0
# Trail value to friction multiplier mapping
# Trail friction REPLACES land cover friction (a road through forest is still easy)
TRAIL_FRICTION_MAP = {
5: 0.1, # road
15: 0.3, # track
25: 0.5, # foot trail
}
def tobler_speed(grade: float) -> float:
"""
Calculate hiking speed using Tobler's off-path function.
speed_kmh = 0.6 * 6.0 * exp(-3.5 * |grade + 0.05|)
Peak speed is ~3.6 km/h at grade = -0.05 (slight downhill).
"""
return TOBLER_OFF_TRAIL_MULT * TOBLER_BASE_SPEED * math.exp(-3.5 * abs(grade + 0.05))
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# COST GRID COMPUTATION
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def compute_cost_grid(
elevation: np.ndarray,
@ -45,16 +209,16 @@ def compute_cost_grid(
cell_size_lat_m: float = None,
cell_size_lon_m: float = None,
friction: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
friction_raw: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
trails: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
barriers: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
boundary_mode: Literal["strict", "pragmatic", "emergency"] = "pragmatic"
wilderness: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
boundary_mode: Literal["strict", "pragmatic", "emergency"] = "pragmatic",
mode: Literal["foot", "mtb", "atv", "vehicle"] = "foot"
) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Compute isotropic travel cost grid from elevation data.
Each cell's cost represents the time (in seconds) to traverse that cell,
based on the average slope from neighboring cells.
Args:
elevation: 2D array of elevation values in meters
cell_size_m: Average cell size in meters
@ -63,30 +227,29 @@ def compute_cost_grid(
friction: Optional 2D array of friction multipliers (WorldCover).
Values should be float (1.0 = baseline, 2.0 = 2x slower).
np.inf marks impassable cells.
If None, no friction is applied (backward compatible).
friction_raw: Optional 2D array of raw WorldCover class values (uint8).
Used for mode-specific terrain overrides.
Values: 10=tree, 20=shrub, 30=grass, etc.
trails: Optional 2D array of trail values (uint8).
0 = no trail (use friction)
5 = road (0.1× friction, replaces WorldCover)
15 = track (0.3× friction, replaces WorldCover)
25 = foot trail (0.5× friction, replaces WorldCover)
Trail friction REPLACES land cover friction where trails exist.
If None, no trail burn-in is applied.
0 = no trail, 5 = road, 15 = track, 25 = foot trail
barriers: Optional 2D array of barrier values (uint8).
255 = closed/restricted area (from PAD-US Pub_Access = XA).
0 = accessible.
If None, no barriers are applied.
boundary_mode: How to handle private/restricted land barriers:
"strict" - cells with barrier=255 become impassable (np.inf)
"pragmatic" - cells with barrier=255 get 5.0x friction penalty
"emergency" - barriers are ignored entirely
Default: "pragmatic"
255 = closed/restricted area (PAD-US Pub_Access = XA).
wilderness: Optional[np.ndarray] of wilderness values (uint8).
255 = designated wilderness area.
boundary_mode: How to handle barriers ("strict", "pragmatic", "emergency")
mode: Travel mode ("foot", "mtb", "atv", "vehicle")
Returns:
2D array of travel cost in seconds per cell.
np.inf for impassable cells.
"""
if boundary_mode not in ("strict", "pragmatic", "emergency"):
raise ValueError(f"boundary_mode must be 'strict', 'pragmatic', or 'emergency', got '{boundary_mode}'")
raise ValueError(f"boundary_mode must be 'strict', 'pragmatic', or 'emergency'")
if mode not in MODE_PROFILES:
raise ValueError(f"mode must be one of {list(MODE_PROFILES.keys())}")
profile = MODE_PROFILES[mode]
if cell_size_lat_m is None:
cell_size_lat_m = cell_size_m
@ -95,120 +258,212 @@ def compute_cost_grid(
rows, cols = elevation.shape
# Compute gradients in both directions
dy = np.zeros_like(elevation)
dx = np.zeros_like(elevation)
# ─── Compute gradients (in-place where possible) ─────────────────────────
# Use float32 to reduce memory footprint
grade = np.zeros(elevation.shape, dtype=np.float32)
# Central differences for interior, forward/backward at edges
dy[1:-1, :] = (elevation[:-2, :] - elevation[2:, :]) / (2 * cell_size_lat_m)
dy[0, :] = (elevation[0, :] - elevation[1, :]) / cell_size_lat_m
dy[-1, :] = (elevation[-2, :] - elevation[-1, :]) / cell_size_lat_m
# Compute dy contribution to grade squared
dy_contrib = np.zeros(elevation.shape, dtype=np.float32)
dy_contrib[1:-1, :] = ((elevation[:-2, :] - elevation[2:, :]) / (2 * cell_size_lat_m)) ** 2
dy_contrib[0, :] = ((elevation[0, :] - elevation[1, :]) / cell_size_lat_m) ** 2
dy_contrib[-1, :] = ((elevation[-2, :] - elevation[-1, :]) / cell_size_lat_m) ** 2
dx[:, 1:-1] = (elevation[:, 2:] - elevation[:, :-2]) / (2 * cell_size_lon_m)
dx[:, 0] = (elevation[:, 1] - elevation[:, 0]) / cell_size_lon_m
dx[:, -1] = (elevation[:, -1] - elevation[:, -2]) / cell_size_lon_m
# Compute dx contribution and add to dy_contrib in-place
dy_contrib[:, 1:-1] += ((elevation[:, 2:] - elevation[:, :-2]) / (2 * cell_size_lon_m)) ** 2
dy_contrib[:, 0] += ((elevation[:, 1] - elevation[:, 0]) / cell_size_lon_m) ** 2
dy_contrib[:, -1] += ((elevation[:, -1] - elevation[:, -2]) / cell_size_lon_m) ** 2
# Compute slope magnitude (grade = rise/run)
grade_magnitude = np.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2)
# grade = sqrt(dx^2 + dy^2)
np.sqrt(dy_contrib, out=grade)
del dy_contrib # Free memory immediately
# Convert to slope angle in degrees
slope_deg = np.degrees(np.arctan(grade_magnitude))
# ─── Compute speed based on mode ─────────────────────────────────────────
max_grade_val = np.tan(np.radians(profile.max_slope_deg))
# Compute speed for each cell using Tobler function
speed_kmh = TOBLER_OFF_TRAIL_MULT * TOBLER_BASE_SPEED * np.exp(-3.5 * np.abs(grade_magnitude + 0.05))
if profile.speed_function == "tobler":
speed_kmh = tobler_off_path_speed(grade, profile.base_speed_kmh)
elif profile.speed_function == "herzog":
speed_kmh = herzog_wheeled_speed(grade, profile.base_speed_kmh)
elif profile.speed_function == "linear":
speed_kmh = linear_degrade_speed(grade, profile.base_speed_kmh, max_grade_val)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown speed function: {profile.speed_function}")
# Convert speed to time cost (seconds to traverse one cell)
# ─── Base cost (seconds per cell) ─────────────────────────────────────────
avg_cell_size = (cell_size_lat_m + cell_size_lon_m) / 2
cost = avg_cell_size * 3.6 / speed_kmh
cost = (avg_cell_size * 3.6) / speed_kmh
del speed_kmh
# Set impassable cells (slope > MAX_SLOPE_DEG) to infinity
cost[slope_deg > MAX_SLOPE_DEG] = np.inf
# ─── Max slope limit ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cost[grade > max_grade_val] = np.inf
# Handle NaN elevations (no data)
# ─── NaN elevations ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cost[np.isnan(elevation)] = np.inf
# Build effective friction array
# Start with WorldCover friction if provided, else 1.0
# ─── Apply friction in-place ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# Instead of creating effective_friction copy, apply directly to cost
# Start with base friction
if friction is not None:
if friction.shape != elevation.shape:
raise ValueError(
f"Friction shape {friction.shape} does not match elevation shape {elevation.shape}"
)
effective_friction = friction.copy()
else:
effective_friction = np.ones(elevation.shape, dtype=np.float32)
raise ValueError(f"Friction shape mismatch")
np.multiply(cost, friction, out=cost)
# Apply trail burn-in: trails REPLACE land cover friction
# ─── Mode-specific terrain friction overrides (memory-efficient) ─────────
if friction_raw is not None and profile.terrain_friction_override:
if friction_raw.shape != elevation.shape:
raise ValueError(f"Friction_raw shape mismatch")
# Process all overrides without creating large intermediate masks
for wc_class, override in profile.terrain_friction_override.items():
if override is not None:
if override == np.inf:
# Use np.where for in-place-like behavior
np.putmask(cost, friction_raw == wc_class, np.inf)
else:
# Multiply cost where friction_raw matches
# Using a loop with putmask is more memory efficient
mask = friction_raw == wc_class
cost[mask] *= override
del mask
# ─── Vehicle mode: allow flat grassland/cropland ─────────────────────────
if mode == "vehicle" and profile.off_trail_flat_threshold_deg > 0:
if friction_raw is not None:
# Compute slope in degrees for flat terrain check
slope_deg = np.degrees(np.arctan(grade))
# Flat grassland or cropland - recompute cost for these cells
flat_field_mask = (
(slope_deg <= profile.off_trail_flat_threshold_deg) &
((friction_raw == 30) | (friction_raw == 40))
)
del slope_deg
# Recalculate cost for these cells with flat field friction
if np.any(flat_field_mask):
base_time = avg_cell_size * 3.6 / linear_degrade_speed(
grade[flat_field_mask], profile.base_speed_kmh, max_grade_val
)
cost[flat_field_mask] = base_time * profile.off_trail_flat_friction
del base_time
del flat_field_mask
# ─── Trail friction (mode-specific) ──────────────────────────────────────
if trails is not None:
if trails.shape != elevation.shape:
raise ValueError(
f"Trails shape {trails.shape} does not match elevation shape {elevation.shape}"
)
# Replace friction where trails exist
for trail_value, trail_friction in TRAIL_FRICTION_MAP.items():
trail_mask = trails == trail_value
effective_friction[trail_mask] = trail_friction
raise ValueError(f"Trails shape mismatch")
# Apply friction to cost
cost = cost * effective_friction
for trail_value, trail_friction in profile.trail_friction.items():
if trail_friction is None:
# Impassable for this mode
np.putmask(cost, trails == trail_value, np.inf)
else:
# Trail friction REPLACES terrain friction
# Recalculate cost = base_time * trail_friction
trail_mask = trails == trail_value
if np.any(trail_mask):
# Get base travel time (without friction)
if profile.speed_function == "tobler":
trail_speed = tobler_off_path_speed(grade[trail_mask], profile.base_speed_kmh)
elif profile.speed_function == "herzog":
trail_speed = herzog_wheeled_speed(grade[trail_mask], profile.base_speed_kmh)
else:
trail_speed = linear_degrade_speed(
grade[trail_mask], profile.base_speed_kmh, max_grade_val
)
cost[trail_mask] = (avg_cell_size * 3.6 / trail_speed) * trail_friction
del trail_speed
del trail_mask
# Apply barriers based on boundary_mode
# ─── Wilderness areas (mode-specific) ────────────────────────────────────
if wilderness is not None and profile.wilderness_impassable:
if wilderness.shape != elevation.shape:
raise ValueError(f"Wilderness shape mismatch")
np.putmask(cost, wilderness == 255, np.inf)
# ─── Barriers (private land) ─────────────────────────────────────────────
if barriers is not None and boundary_mode != "emergency":
if barriers.shape != elevation.shape:
raise ValueError(
f"Barriers shape {barriers.shape} does not match elevation shape {elevation.shape}"
)
barrier_mask = barriers == 255
raise ValueError(f"Barriers shape mismatch")
if boundary_mode == "strict":
# Mark closed/restricted areas as impassable
cost[barrier_mask] = np.inf
np.putmask(cost, barriers == 255, np.inf)
elif boundary_mode == "pragmatic":
# Apply friction penalty to closed/restricted areas
cost[barrier_mask] = cost[barrier_mask] * PRAGMATIC_BARRIER_MULTIPLIER
barrier_mask = barriers == 255
cost[barrier_mask] *= PRAGMATIC_BARRIER_MULTIPLIER
del barrier_mask
return cost
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# LEGACY API (backward compatibility)
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def tobler_speed(grade: float) -> float:
"""Legacy single-value Tobler speed function."""
return 0.6 * 6.0 * math.exp(-3.5 * abs(grade + 0.05))
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TESTING
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Testing Tobler speed function:")
for grade in [-0.3, -0.1, -0.05, 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3]:
speed = tobler_speed(grade)
print(f" Grade {grade:+.2f}: {speed:.2f} km/h")
print("=" * 70)
print("OFFROUTE Multi-Mode Cost Function Tests")
print("=" * 70)
print("\nTesting cost grid computation (no friction, no trails):")
elev = np.arange(100).reshape(10, 10).astype(np.float32) * 10
cost = compute_cost_grid(elev, cell_size_m=30.0)
print(f" Elevation range: {elev.min():.0f} - {elev.max():.0f} m")
finite = cost[~np.isinf(cost)]
if len(finite) > 0:
print(f" Cost range: {finite.min():.1f} - {finite.max():.1f} s")
else:
print(f" All cells impassable (test data too steep)")
print("\n[1] Speed functions at various grades:")
print(f"{'Grade':<10} {'Foot':<12} {'MTB':<12} {'ATV':<12} {'Vehicle':<12}")
print("-" * 60)
print("\nTesting cost grid with friction and trails:")
elev = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=np.float32) * 1000 # flat terrain
friction = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=np.float32) * 2.0 # 2.0x friction (forest)
trails = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=np.uint8)
trails[5, :] = 5 # road across middle row
for grade_val in [-0.3, -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3]:
grade_arr = np.array([grade_val])
foot = tobler_off_path_speed(grade_arr, 6.0)[0]
mtb = herzog_wheeled_speed(grade_arr, 12.0)[0]
atv = herzog_wheeled_speed(grade_arr, 25.0)[0]
veh = linear_degrade_speed(grade_arr, 40.0, np.tan(np.radians(20)))[0]
print(f"{grade_val:+.2f} {foot:>6.2f} km/h {mtb:>6.2f} km/h {atv:>6.2f} km/h {veh:>6.2f} km/h")
cost_no_trail = compute_cost_grid(elev, cell_size_m=30.0, friction=friction)
cost_with_trail = compute_cost_grid(elev, cell_size_m=30.0, friction=friction, trails=trails)
print("\n[2] Mode profiles:")
for name, profile in MODE_PROFILES.items():
print(f"\n {name.upper()}: {profile.description}")
print(f" Max slope: {profile.max_slope_deg}°")
print(f" Trail access: {profile.trail_friction}")
print(f" Wilderness blocked: {profile.wilderness_impassable}")
base_cost = 30 * 3.6 / (0.6 * 6.0 * np.exp(-3.5 * 0.05))
print(f" Base cost (flat, 30m cell): {base_cost:.1f} s")
print(f" Forest cell (2.0x friction): {cost_no_trail[0, 0]:.1f} s")
print(f" Road cell (0.1x friction, replaces forest): {cost_with_trail[5, 0]:.1f} s")
print(f" Road friction advantage: {cost_no_trail[0, 0] / cost_with_trail[5, 0]:.1f}x faster")
print("\nTesting cost grid with barriers (three modes):")
print("\n[3] Cost grid test (flat terrain, forest):")
elev = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=np.float32) * 1000
barriers = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=np.uint8)
barriers[3:7, 3:7] = 255
friction = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=np.float32) * 2.0 # Forest friction
friction_raw = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=np.uint8) * 10 # Tree cover class
for mode in ["strict", "pragmatic", "emergency"]:
cost = compute_cost_grid(elev, cell_size_m=30.0, barriers=barriers, boundary_mode=mode)
trails = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=np.uint8)
trails[5, :] = 5 # Road across middle
for mode_name in ["foot", "mtb", "atv", "vehicle"]:
cost = compute_cost_grid(
elev, cell_size_m=30.0,
friction=friction,
friction_raw=friction_raw,
trails=trails,
mode=mode_name
)
off_trail_cost = cost[0, 0]
road_cost = cost[5, 0]
impassable = np.sum(np.isinf(cost))
barrier_cost = cost[5, 5] if not np.isinf(cost[5, 5]) else "inf"
print(f" {mode:10s}: {impassable} impassable, barrier cell cost = {barrier_cost}")
print(f" {mode_name:8s}: off-trail={off_trail_cost:>8.1f}s, road={road_cost:>6.1f}s, impassable={impassable}")
print("\n[4] Wilderness blocking test:")
wilderness = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=np.uint8)
wilderness[3:7, 3:7] = 255
for mode_name in ["foot", "mtb", "atv", "vehicle"]:
cost = compute_cost_grid(
elev, cell_size_m=30.0,
wilderness=wilderness,
mode=mode_name
)
wilderness_impassable = np.sum(np.isinf(cost[3:7, 3:7]))
print(f" {mode_name:8s}: wilderness cells impassable = {wilderness_impassable}/16")
print("\nDone.")

View file

@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Connects the raster pathfinder (wilderness segment) to Valhalla (on-network segm
Entry points are extracted from OSM highways and stored in /mnt/nav/navi.db.
The pathfinder routes from a wilderness start to the nearest entry point,
then Valhalla completes the route to the destination.
Supports four travel modes: foot, mtb, atv, vehicle.
"""
import json
import math
@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ from skimage.graph import MCP_Geometric
from .dem import DEMReader
from .cost import compute_cost_grid
from .friction import FrictionReader, friction_to_multiplier
from .barriers import BarrierReader
from .barriers import BarrierReader, WildernessReader, DEFAULT_WILDERNESS_PATH
from .trails import TrailReader
# Paths
@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ MODE_TO_COSTING = {
"foot": "pedestrian",
"mtb": "bicycle",
"atv": "auto",
"vehicle": "auto",
}
@ -120,7 +123,6 @@ class EntryPointIndex:
def query_radius(self, lat: float, lon: float, radius_km: float) -> List[Dict]:
"""Query entry points within radius of a point."""
# Approximate bbox for the radius
lat_delta = radius_km / 111.0
lon_delta = radius_km / (111.0 * math.cos(math.radians(lat)))
@ -129,7 +131,6 @@ class EntryPointIndex:
lon - lon_delta, lon + lon_delta
)
# Filter by actual distance and add distance field
result = []
for p in points:
dist = haversine_distance(lat, lon, p['lat'], p['lon'])
@ -140,17 +141,12 @@ class EntryPointIndex:
return sorted(result, key=lambda x: x['distance_m'])
def build_index(self, osm_pbf_path: Path = OSM_PBF_PATH) -> Dict:
"""
Build the entry point index from OSM PBF.
Extracts endpoints of highway features that connect to the network.
"""
"""Build the entry point index from OSM PBF."""
if not osm_pbf_path.exists():
raise FileNotFoundError(f"OSM PBF not found: {osm_pbf_path}")
print(f"Building trail entry point index from {osm_pbf_path}...")
# Highway types to extract (routable network entry points)
highway_types = [
"primary", "secondary", "tertiary", "unclassified",
"residential", "service", "track", "path", "footway", "bridleway"
@ -159,42 +155,29 @@ class EntryPointIndex:
stats = {"total": 0, "by_class": {}}
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
# Extract highways to GeoJSON
geojson_path = Path(tmpdir) / "highways.geojson"
# Build osmium tags-filter expressions (one per highway type)
print(f" Extracting highways with osmium...")
cmd = [
"osmium", "tags-filter",
str(osm_pbf_path),
]
# Add each highway type as a separate filter expression
cmd = ["osmium", "tags-filter", str(osm_pbf_path)]
for ht in highway_types:
cmd.append(f"w/highway={ht}")
cmd.extend(["-o", str(Path(tmpdir) / "filtered.osm.pbf"), "--overwrite"])
subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, capture_output=True)
# Convert to GeoJSON
print(f" Converting to GeoJSON with ogr2ogr...")
cmd = [
"ogr2ogr", "-f", "GeoJSON",
str(geojson_path),
str(Path(tmpdir) / "filtered.osm.pbf"),
"lines",
"-t_srs", "EPSG:4326"
"lines", "-t_srs", "EPSG:4326"
]
subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, capture_output=True)
# Parse GeoJSON and extract endpoints
print(f" Extracting entry points...")
with open(geojson_path) as f:
data = json.load(f)
# Collect unique points (endpoints)
# Key: (lat, lon) rounded to 5 decimal places (~1m precision)
points = {}
for feature in data.get("features", []):
props = feature.get("properties", {})
geom = feature.get("geometry", {})
@ -209,62 +192,48 @@ class EntryPointIndex:
highway_class = props.get("highway", "unknown")
name = props.get("name", "")
# Extract endpoints
for coord in [coords[0], coords[-1]]:
lon, lat = coord[0], coord[1]
key = (round(lat, 5), round(lon, 5))
if key not in points:
points[key] = {
"lat": lat,
"lon": lon,
"highway_class": highway_class,
"name": name
"lat": lat, "lon": lon,
"highway_class": highway_class, "name": name
}
else:
# Keep the "best" highway class (roads > tracks > paths)
existing = points[key]
if self._highway_priority(highway_class) < self._highway_priority(existing["highway_class"]):
points[key]["highway_class"] = highway_class
if name and not existing["name"]:
points[key]["name"] = name
# Create/update database
print(f" Writing {len(points)} entry points to {self.db_path}...")
self.db_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
conn = self._get_conn()
# Create table
conn.execute("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS trail_entry_points (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
lat REAL NOT NULL,
lon REAL NOT NULL,
highway_class TEXT NOT NULL,
name TEXT
lat REAL NOT NULL, lon REAL NOT NULL,
highway_class TEXT NOT NULL, name TEXT
)
""")
# Clear existing data
conn.execute("DELETE FROM trail_entry_points")
# Insert new points
for point in points.values():
conn.execute("""
INSERT INTO trail_entry_points (lat, lon, highway_class, name)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
""", (point["lat"], point["lon"], point["highway_class"], point["name"]))
conn.execute(
"INSERT INTO trail_entry_points (lat, lon, highway_class, name) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
(point["lat"], point["lon"], point["highway_class"], point["name"])
)
stats["total"] += 1
hc = point["highway_class"]
stats["by_class"][hc] = stats["by_class"].get(hc, 0) + 1
# Create spatial index
conn.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_entry_lat ON trail_entry_points(lat)")
conn.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_entry_lon ON trail_entry_points(lon)")
conn.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_entry_latlon ON trail_entry_points(lat, lon)")
conn.commit()
print(f" Done. Total: {stats['total']} entry points")
@ -291,12 +260,15 @@ class EntryPointIndex:
class OffrouteRouter:
"""
OFFROUTE Router orchestrates wilderness pathfinding and Valhalla stitching.
Supports modes: foot, mtb, atv, vehicle
"""
def __init__(self):
self.dem_reader = None
self.friction_reader = None
self.barrier_reader = None
self.wilderness_reader = None
self.trail_reader = None
self.entry_index = EntryPointIndex()
@ -308,6 +280,8 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
self.friction_reader = FrictionReader()
if self.barrier_reader is None:
self.barrier_reader = BarrierReader()
if self.wilderness_reader is None and DEFAULT_WILDERNESS_PATH.exists():
self.wilderness_reader = WildernessReader()
if self.trail_reader is None:
self.trail_reader = TrailReader()
@ -317,16 +291,25 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
start_lon: float,
end_lat: float,
end_lon: float,
mode: Literal["foot", "mtb", "atv"] = "foot",
mode: Literal["foot", "mtb", "atv", "vehicle"] = "foot",
boundary_mode: Literal["strict", "pragmatic", "emergency"] = "pragmatic"
) -> Dict:
"""
Route from a wilderness start point to a destination.
Args:
start_lat, start_lon: Starting coordinates (wilderness)
end_lat, end_lon: Destination coordinates
mode: Travel mode (foot, mtb, atv, vehicle)
boundary_mode: How to handle private land (strict, pragmatic, emergency)
Returns a GeoJSON FeatureCollection with wilderness and network segments.
"""
t0 = time.time()
if mode not in MODE_TO_COSTING:
return {"status": "error", "message": f"Unknown mode: {mode}"}
# Ensure entry point index exists
if not self.entry_index.table_exists() or self.entry_index.get_entry_point_count() == 0:
return {
@ -334,28 +317,27 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
"message": "Trail entry point index not built. Run build_entry_index() first."
}
# Find entry points near start
entry_points = self.entry_index.query_radius(
start_lat, start_lon, DEFAULT_SEARCH_RADIUS_KM
)
# Find entry points near start (limit to nearest 10 to control bbox size)
MAX_ENTRY_POINTS = 10
entry_points = self.entry_index.query_radius(start_lat, start_lon, DEFAULT_SEARCH_RADIUS_KM)
if not entry_points:
# Try expanded radius
entry_points = self.entry_index.query_radius(
start_lat, start_lon, EXPANDED_SEARCH_RADIUS_KM
)
entry_points = self.entry_index.query_radius(start_lat, start_lon, EXPANDED_SEARCH_RADIUS_KM)
if not entry_points:
return {
"status": "error",
"message": f"No trail entry points found within {EXPANDED_SEARCH_RADIUS_KM}km of start"
}
# Build bbox for pathfinding grid
# Include start, end, and all entry points
# Limit to nearest entry points to prevent huge bounding boxes
entry_points = entry_points[:MAX_ENTRY_POINTS]
# Build bbox with max size limit (prevent OOM on large areas)
MAX_BBOX_DEGREES = 0.5 # ~55km at mid-latitudes
all_lats = [start_lat, end_lat] + [p["lat"] for p in entry_points]
all_lons = [start_lon, end_lon] + [p["lon"] for p in entry_points]
padding = 0.05 # ~5km padding
padding = 0.05
bbox = {
"south": min(all_lats) - padding,
"north": max(all_lats) + padding,
@ -363,16 +345,28 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
"east": max(all_lons) + padding,
}
# Clamp bbox size to prevent memory exhaustion
lat_span = bbox["north"] - bbox["south"]
lon_span = bbox["east"] - bbox["west"]
if lat_span > MAX_BBOX_DEGREES or lon_span > MAX_BBOX_DEGREES:
center_lat = (bbox["south"] + bbox["north"]) / 2
center_lon = (bbox["west"] + bbox["east"]) / 2
half_span = MAX_BBOX_DEGREES / 2
bbox = {
"south": center_lat - half_span,
"north": center_lat + half_span,
"west": center_lon - half_span,
"east": center_lon + half_span,
}
# Initialize readers
self._init_readers()
# Load elevation
try:
elevation, meta = self.dem_reader.get_elevation_grid(
south=bbox["south"],
north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"],
east=bbox["east"],
south=bbox["south"], north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"], east=bbox["east"],
)
except Exception as e:
return {"status": "error", "message": f"Failed to load elevation: {e}"}
@ -382,62 +376,69 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
if mem > MEMORY_LIMIT_GB:
return {"status": "error", "message": f"Memory limit exceeded: {mem:.1f}GB > {MEMORY_LIMIT_GB}GB"}
# Load friction
# Load friction (both processed and raw for mode-specific overrides)
friction_raw = self.friction_reader.get_friction_grid(
south=bbox["south"],
north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"],
east=bbox["east"],
south=bbox["south"], north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"], east=bbox["east"],
target_shape=elevation.shape
)
friction_mult = friction_to_multiplier(friction_raw)
# Load barriers
barriers = self.barrier_reader.get_barrier_grid(
south=bbox["south"],
north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"],
east=bbox["east"],
south=bbox["south"], north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"], east=bbox["east"],
target_shape=elevation.shape
)
# Load wilderness (if available and mode requires it)
wilderness = None
if self.wilderness_reader is not None and mode in ("mtb", "atv", "vehicle"):
wilderness = self.wilderness_reader.get_wilderness_grid(
south=bbox["south"], north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"], east=bbox["east"],
target_shape=elevation.shape
)
# Load trails
trails = self.trail_reader.get_trails_grid(
south=bbox["south"],
north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"],
east=bbox["east"],
south=bbox["south"], north=bbox["north"],
west=bbox["west"], east=bbox["east"],
target_shape=elevation.shape
)
# Compute cost grid
# Compute cost grid with mode-specific parameters
cost = compute_cost_grid(
elevation,
cell_size_m=meta["cell_size_m"],
friction=friction_mult,
friction_raw=friction_raw,
trails=trails,
barriers=barriers,
wilderness=wilderness,
boundary_mode=boundary_mode,
mode=mode,
)
# Free intermediate arrays to reduce memory before MCP
# Note: Keep trails and barriers - needed for path statistics
del friction_mult, friction_raw, wilderness
import gc
gc.collect()
# Convert start to pixel coordinates
start_row, start_col = self.dem_reader.latlon_to_pixel(start_lat, start_lon, meta)
# Validate start is in bounds
rows, cols = elevation.shape
if not (0 <= start_row < rows and 0 <= start_col < cols):
return {"status": "error", "message": "Start point outside grid bounds"}
# Mark entry points on the grid
# Mark entry points on grid
entry_pixels = []
for ep in entry_points:
row, col = self.dem_reader.latlon_to_pixel(ep["lat"], ep["lon"], meta)
if 0 <= row < rows and 0 <= col < cols:
entry_pixels.append({
"row": row,
"col": col,
"entry_point": ep
})
entry_pixels.append({"row": row, "col": col, "entry_point": ep})
if not entry_pixels:
return {"status": "error", "message": "No entry points map to grid bounds"}
@ -465,18 +466,21 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
# Traceback wilderness path
path_indices = mcp.traceback((best_entry["row"], best_entry["col"]))
# Convert to coordinates and collect stats
# Convert to coordinates
wilderness_coords = []
elevations = []
trail_values = []
barrier_crossings = 0
for row, col in path_indices:
lat, lon = self.dem_reader.pixel_to_latlon(row, col, meta)
wilderness_coords.append([lon, lat])
elevations.append(elevation[row, col])
trail_values.append(trails[row, col])
if barriers[row, col] == 255:
barrier_crossings += 1
# Calculate wilderness segment stats
# Calculate stats
wilderness_distance_m = 0
for i in range(1, len(wilderness_coords)):
lon1, lat1 = wilderness_coords[i-1]
@ -493,13 +497,16 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
total_cells = len(trail_arr)
on_trail_pct = float(100 * on_trail_cells / total_cells) if total_cells > 0 else 0
# Entry point reached
# Free trails and barriers now that path stats are computed
del trails, barriers
# Entry point
entry_lat = best_entry["entry_point"]["lat"]
entry_lon = best_entry["entry_point"]["lon"]
entry_class = best_entry["entry_point"]["highway_class"]
entry_name = best_entry["entry_point"].get("name", "")
# Call Valhalla for on-network segment
# Call Valhalla
valhalla_costing = MODE_TO_COSTING.get(mode, "pedestrian")
valhalla_request = {
@ -515,11 +522,7 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
valhalla_error = None
try:
resp = requests.post(
f"{VALHALLA_URL}/route",
json=valhalla_request,
timeout=30
)
resp = requests.post(f"{VALHALLA_URL}/route", json=valhalla_request, timeout=30)
if resp.status_code == 200:
valhalla_data = resp.json()
@ -529,11 +532,8 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
if legs:
leg = legs[0]
shape = leg.get("shape", "")
# Decode polyline6
network_coords = self._decode_polyline(shape)
# Extract maneuvers
maneuvers = []
for m in leg.get("maneuvers", []):
maneuvers.append({
@ -560,7 +560,6 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
# Build response
features = []
# Feature 1: Wilderness segment
wilderness_feature = {
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
@ -572,15 +571,13 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
"boundary_mode": boundary_mode,
"on_trail_pct": on_trail_pct,
"cell_count": total_cells,
"barrier_crossings": barrier_crossings,
"mode": mode,
},
"geometry": {
"type": "LineString",
"coordinates": wilderness_coords,
}
"geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": wilderness_coords}
}
features.append(wilderness_feature)
# Feature 2: Network segment (if available)
if network_segment:
network_feature = {
"type": "Feature",
@ -590,40 +587,23 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
"duration_minutes": network_segment["duration_minutes"],
"maneuvers": network_segment["maneuvers"],
},
"geometry": {
"type": "LineString",
"coordinates": network_segment["coordinates"],
}
"geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": network_segment["coordinates"]}
}
features.append(network_feature)
# Build combined route coordinates
combined_coords = wilderness_coords.copy()
if network_segment:
# Skip first point of network segment (it's the same as last wilderness point)
combined_coords.extend(network_segment["coordinates"][1:])
# Feature 3: Combined route
combined_feature = {
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"segment_type": "combined",
"mode": mode,
"boundary_mode": boundary_mode,
},
"geometry": {
"type": "LineString",
"coordinates": combined_coords,
}
"properties": {"segment_type": "combined", "mode": mode, "boundary_mode": boundary_mode},
"geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": combined_coords}
}
features.append(combined_feature)
geojson = {
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": features,
}
geojson = {"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": features}
# Build summary
total_distance_km = wilderness_distance_m / 1000
total_effort_minutes = best_cost / 60
@ -639,22 +619,17 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
"network_distance_km": float(network_segment["distance_km"]) if network_segment else 0,
"network_duration_minutes": float(network_segment["duration_minutes"]) if network_segment else 0,
"on_trail_pct": on_trail_pct,
"barrier_crossings": barrier_crossings,
"boundary_mode": boundary_mode,
"mode": mode,
"entry_point": {
"lat": entry_lat,
"lon": entry_lon,
"highway_class": entry_class,
"name": entry_name,
"lat": entry_lat, "lon": entry_lon,
"highway_class": entry_class, "name": entry_name,
},
"computation_time_s": time.time() - t0,
}
result = {
"status": "ok",
"route": geojson,
"summary": summary,
}
result = {"status": "ok", "route": geojson, "summary": summary}
if valhalla_error:
result["warning"] = f"Network segment incomplete: {valhalla_error}"
@ -669,7 +644,6 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
lon = 0
while index < len(encoded):
# Latitude
shift = 0
result = 0
while True:
@ -682,7 +656,6 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
dlat = ~(result >> 1) if result & 1 else result >> 1
lat += dlat
# Longitude
shift = 0
result = 0
while True:
@ -707,6 +680,8 @@ class OffrouteRouter:
self.friction_reader.close()
if self.barrier_reader:
self.barrier_reader.close()
if self.wilderness_reader:
self.wilderness_reader.close()
if self.trail_reader:
self.trail_reader.close()
self.entry_index.close()
@ -729,24 +704,33 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
print(f"\nDone. Total entry points: {stats['total']}")
elif len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == "test":
print("Testing router...")
print("Testing router (all modes)...")
router = OffrouteRouter()
# Test route: wilderness to Twin Falls
result = router.route(
start_lat=42.35,
start_lon=-114.30,
end_lat=42.5629,
end_lon=-114.4609,
mode="foot",
boundary_mode="pragmatic"
)
for mode in ["foot", "mtb", "atv", "vehicle"]:
print(f"\n{'='*60}")
print(f"Mode: {mode}")
print("="*60)
result = router.route(
start_lat=42.35, start_lon=-114.30,
end_lat=42.5629, end_lon=-114.4609,
mode=mode, boundary_mode="pragmatic"
)
if result["status"] == "ok":
s = result["summary"]
print(f" Wilderness: {s['wilderness_distance_km']:.2f} km, {s['wilderness_effort_minutes']:.1f} min")
print(f" Network: {s['network_distance_km']:.2f} km, {s['network_duration_minutes']:.1f} min")
print(f" On-trail: {s['on_trail_pct']:.1f}%")
print(f" Entry: {s['entry_point']['highway_class']}")
else:
print(f" ERROR: {result['message']}")
print(json.dumps(result, indent=2, default=str))
router.close()
else:
print("Usage:")
print(" python router.py build # Build entry point index")
print(" python router.py test # Test route")
print(" python router.py test # Test all modes")