feat(phase4c): native SGP4 satpass — standalone satellite passes, no Central (#39)

meshai can now predict + broadcast satellite passes locally without Central.

Data plumbing (4c-1):
- env/tle_fetch.py: keyless Celestrak GP fetcher (GROUP/CATNR, FORMAT=tle) →
  upserts the existing sat_tles table via a shared upsert_tle() helper
  extracted into tle_handler (Central ingest refactored to call it, unchanged)
- observer_locations table (v23, SCHEMA_VERSION 22->23) + persistence helpers;
  seeded from SatpassConfig.observers in main._init_components
- SatpassConfig: observers, tle_groups, norad_ids, tle_refresh_seconds,
  min_elevation_deg, window_hours

Predictor + source-agnostic gate (4c-2):
- extracted gate_consolidated_pass(consolidated, *, now) from
  consolidate_satpass_pending: dedup-vs-satpass_events + rate cap + format_pass
  + deferred commit. Central path byte-identical (114 tests unchanged)
- env/satpass.py: native adapter predicts passes for each sat x observer via
  pass_predictor.compute_passes, consolidates IN-MEMORY per canonical hour
  bucket (earliest AOS / latest LOS / max-el observer supplies peak_compass +
  entry/exit observers), runs the shared gate, emits sat_pass. Commit rides
  event.data so satpass_events dedups across ticks — NO satpass_pending, NO
  Central-consumer timer dependency (works with Central off)
- registered in env/store.py gated on enabled and feed_source==native

32 new tests (tle_fetch 16, observer_locations 14... satpass_native 8, minus
overlaps); full suite 10-failure baseline (1672 passed).

Co-authored-by: Matt Johnson <mj@k7zvx.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

work/tests/test_tle_fetch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+"""Tests for the native Celestrak TLE fetcher (env.tle_fetch).
+
+Covers epoch parsing, 3-line block parsing, upsert into the shared
+sat_tles table, latest-epoch-wins on re-fetch, and malformed-block
+tolerance. HTTP is monkeypatched — no network.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from meshai.env.tle_fetch import (
+    TLEFetchAdapter,
+    parse_tle_block,
+    parse_tle_epoch,
+)
+from meshai.central.tle_handler import get_tle_by_norad
+from meshai.config import SatpassConfig
+from meshai.persistence import get_db
+
+
+# A valid ISS 3-line set. Line-1 epoch field (cols 19-32) = 26182.50000000
+# -> 2026 day-of-year 182.5 -> 2026-07-01T12:00:00+00:00.
+ISS_TLE = (
+    "ISS (ZARYA)\n"
+    "1 25544U 98067A   26182.50000000  .00016717  00000-0  10270-3 0  9008\n"
+    "2 25544  51.6400 208.9163 0007417  17.6777  85.6621 15.54225995 12345\n"
+)
+
+# Same satellite, a NEWER epoch (26183.50 -> 2026-07-02T12:00Z).
+ISS_TLE_NEWER = (
+    "ISS (ZARYA)\n"
+    "1 25544U 98067A   26183.50000000  .00016717  00000-0  10270-3 0  9010\n"
+    "2 25544  51.6400 208.9163 0007417  17.6777  85.6621 15.54225995 12347\n"
+)
+
+# Same satellite, an OLDER epoch (26181.50 -> 2026-06-30T12:00Z).
+ISS_TLE_OLDER = (
+    "ISS (ZARYA)\n"
+    "1 25544U 98067A   26181.50000000  .00016717  00000-0  10270-3 0  9006\n"
+    "2 25544  51.6400 208.9163 0007417  17.6777  85.6621 15.54225995 12343\n"
+)
+
+
+def _adapter(**overrides) -> TLEFetchAdapter:
+    cfg = SatpassConfig(enabled=True, feed_source="native",
+                        tle_groups=[], norad_ids=[25544], **overrides)
+    return TLEFetchAdapter(cfg)
+
+
+# -- epoch parsing ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_parse_tle_epoch_iso():
+    iso = parse_tle_epoch(
+        "1 25544U 98067A   26182.50000000  .00016717  00000-0  10270-3 0  9008")
+    assert iso.startswith("2026-07-01T12:00:00")
+    assert "+00:00" in iso
+
+
+def test_parse_tle_epoch_two_digit_year_window():
+    # YY=98 -> 1998 (>= 57 maps to 1900s).
+    iso = parse_tle_epoch("1 25544U 98067A   98001.00000000  .0  0  0 0  1")
+    assert iso.startswith("1998-01-01")
+
+
+# -- block parsing ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_parse_tle_block_basic():
+    recs = parse_tle_block(ISS_TLE)
+    assert len(recs) == 1
+    r = recs[0]
+    assert r["norad_id"] == 25544
+    assert r["name"] == "ISS (ZARYA)"
+    assert r["line1"].startswith("1 25544")
+    assert r["line2"].startswith("2 25544")
+    assert r["epoch"].startswith("2026-07-01T12:00:00")
+
+
+def test_parse_tle_block_skips_malformed():
+    # First triple is garbage (line1 doesn't start with "1 "); second is valid.
+    block = (
+        "GARBAGE SAT\n"
+        "not a real line1\n"
+        "also not line2\n"
+        + ISS_TLE
+    )
+    recs = parse_tle_block(block)
+    norads = [r["norad_id"] for r in recs]
+    assert 25544 in norads
+    # The garbage entry must not have produced a record.
+    assert all(isinstance(n, int) for n in norads)
+
+
+# -- fetch + upsert -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_tick_upserts_into_sat_tles(monkeypatch):
+    adapter = _adapter()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(adapter, "_fetch", lambda url: ISS_TLE)
+
+    changed = adapter.tick(now=1_000_000)
+    assert changed is True
+
+    row = get_tle_by_norad(25544)
+    assert row is not None
+    assert row["name"] == "ISS (ZARYA)"
+    assert row["line1"].startswith("1 25544")
+    assert row["line2"].startswith("2 25544")
+    assert row["epoch"].startswith("2026-07-01T12:00:00")
+
+
+def test_latest_epoch_wins_on_refetch(monkeypatch):
+    adapter = _adapter()
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(adapter, "_fetch", lambda url: ISS_TLE)
+    assert adapter.tick(now=1_000_000) is True
+    first = get_tle_by_norad(25544)["epoch"]
+
+    # A newer epoch replaces it.
+    adapter._last_tick = 0  # bypass interval gate for the test
+    monkeypatch.setattr(adapter, "_fetch", lambda url: ISS_TLE_NEWER)
+    assert adapter.tick(now=2_000_000) is True
+    newer = get_tle_by_norad(25544)["epoch"]
+    assert newer > first
+
+    # An older epoch is ignored (no write).
+    adapter._last_tick = 0
+    monkeypatch.setattr(adapter, "_fetch", lambda url: ISS_TLE_OLDER)
+    changed = adapter.tick(now=3_000_000)
+    assert changed is False
+    assert get_tle_by_norad(25544)["epoch"] == newer
+
+
+def test_malformed_block_does_not_crash_tick(monkeypatch):
+    adapter = _adapter()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        adapter, "_fetch",
+        lambda url: "COMPLETE GARBAGE\nno lines here\n")
+    # Should complete without raising and write nothing.
+    changed = adapter.tick(now=1_000_000)
+    assert changed is False
+    assert get_tle_by_norad(25544) is None
+
+
+def test_fetch_error_is_isolated(monkeypatch):
+    adapter = _adapter()
+
+    def boom(url):
+        raise RuntimeError("HTTP 503")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(adapter, "_fetch", boom)
+    changed = adapter.tick(now=1_000_000)
+    assert changed is False
+    assert adapter.health_status["last_error"] is not None
+    assert adapter.health_status["consecutive_errors"] == 1
+
+
+def test_storage_only_no_events(monkeypatch):
+    adapter = _adapter()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(adapter, "_fetch", lambda url: ISS_TLE)
+    adapter.tick(now=1_000_000)
+    assert adapter.get_events() == []
+    assert adapter.to_event({}) is None
+
+
+def test_interval_gate_skips_early_ticks(monkeypatch):
+    adapter = _adapter(tle_refresh_seconds=21600)
+    calls = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(adapter, "_fetch",
+                        lambda url: calls.append(url) or ISS_TLE)
+    adapter.tick(now=1_000_000.0)    # first tick fetches
+    adapter.tick(now=1_000_100.0)    # 100s later, within interval -> skipped
+    assert len(calls) == 1
+
+
+def test_no_targets_configured_is_noop():
+    cfg = SatpassConfig(enabled=True, feed_source="native",
+                        tle_groups=[], norad_ids=[])
+    adapter = TLEFetchAdapter(cfg)
+    assert adapter.tick(now=1_000_000) is False
+
+
+def test_group_and_catnr_urls():
+    cfg = SatpassConfig(tle_groups=["weather"], norad_ids=[25544])
+    adapter = TLEFetchAdapter(cfg)
+    urls = [u for _, u in adapter._targets()]
+    assert any("GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle" in u for u in urls)
+    assert any("CATNR=25544&FORMAT=tle" in u for u in urls)
+    assert all(u.startswith("https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php") for u in urls)