---
title: MeshCore transport for meshai (dual Meshtastic + MeshCore)
type: project
tags:
  - mesh
aliases:
  - meshai meshcore transport
  - meshai meshcore
  - MeshCore transport for meshai
related:
  - [[meshai]]
  - [[services]]
updated: 2026-07-02
status: proposed
---

# MeshCore transport for meshai (dual Meshtastic + MeshCore)

Design for adding MeshCore as a second mesh transport to the meshai LLM mesh assistant ([[meshai]]), running alongside Meshtastic.

## Status

Proposed / design — not yet built. Decisions below are agreed with Matt; three prerequisites remain open (hardware, dependency, branch timing — see Open items).

## Goal

Let meshai speak both **Meshtastic** and **MeshCore**, config-selectable as either or **both at once**. Target: full two-way parity (outbound announcements AND inbound interactive LLM replies) on both networks simultaneously.

## Key decisions (agreed)

1. **Uniform messages across both networks.** Every outbound message is formatted ONCE, sized to fit the SMALLER radio's budget (MeshCore, ~120 chars), and sent identically to both meshes. No per-network rendering, no divergent content. This is deliberately chosen over per-transport rendering (which was judged fragile: it would make every message formatter budget-polymorphic, double the test surface, run composition per-transport, and produce divergent content).
2. **Run mode: both simultaneously** — send every announcement to Meshtastic AND MeshCore. "Both" = the existing Meshtastic path (meshai over IP to MeshMonitor's vnode fronting the radio) + a **MeshCore Companion node reachable over IP/TCP**, paralleling that same all-over-IP model. The MeshCore radio need NOT be on the meshai host — it just needs to be network-reachable.
3. **The transport is the only thing that knows its size and the only place that fragments a message** (single source of truth for size = `transport.max_chars`; kill the 4 hard-coded 200s + the stray [:195]). Because messages are pre-fit to the smaller budget, both radios normally send a single packet; the transport's (k/N) splitter is a safety net.
4. **Network awareness is per-network, not uniform.** Outbound *announcements* (weather/fire/511/alerts) are outside-world info → uniform to both. But *network-status* answers from the LLM ("who's on the mesh / mesh health") are inside-the-network info and must be scoped to whichever network the question arrived on. A MeshCore user gets MeshCore answers; a Meshtastic user gets the existing MeshView/MeshMonitor-based answers.

## Character limits

- Meshtastic text payload: ~200–237 bytes (meshai currently budgets 200).
- MeshCore: hard cap `MAX_TEXT_LEN = 160 bytes`; usable channel-message text is ~120–150 chars (channel messages embed `<sender name>: ` + timestamp/flags), docs round to "~133". No auto-chunking in the companion chat path — over-length text is hard-truncated, so meshai must split itself.
- Practical uniform budget when both are active: ~120 chars.

## Companion vs client (how we connect to MeshCore)

MeshCore firmware is role-specific (flashed, not runtime): **Companion**, **Repeater**, **Room Server**. The **Companion** node is the one a computer attaches to and drives — analogous to Meshtastic's phone+node model. meshai attaches to a Companion-firmware radio via the official `meshcore` Python lib (asyncio). **TCP to a Companion node is the natural fit** here — either native-TCP MeshCore firmware or a `ser2net`/serial-to-IP bridge — matching meshai's all-over-IP deployment (the Meshtastic side already runs over IP to MeshMonitor's vnode). A USB-on-host radio is not how this deployment works. Avoid BLE on Linux. Broadcast to a channel with `send_chan_msg(index, text)`; channel 0 = "Public" (well-known PSK) = the broadcast primitive. Do NOT attach to a Repeater or Room Server for messaging.

## Connecting to MeshCore via pyMC (companion TCP frame server)

- meshai's MeshCore link will be a **TCP connection to the pyMC repeater's companion frame server**, not a directly-attached radio. "pyMC" = **pyMC_core** (Python MeshCore library) + **pyMC_Repeater** (the repeater daemon, also branded "openHop"), which runs on **aida-nebra** as `pymc-repeater.service` (node EchoBase, RAK4631). pyMC_core includes a `CompanionFrameServer` that exposes the MeshCore **Companion Protocol frames over a TCP socket** — so a companion client connects over TCP as if to a radio.
- **Wire compatibility is confirmed:** the `meshcore` Python lib's TCP transport (`tcp_cx.py`) is byte-for-byte compatible with pyMC's frame server — outbound `>`(0x3E)+LE16+data, inbound `<`(0x3C)+LE16+data. So meshai connects with `MeshCore.create_tcp(host, port)`; no framing shim needed.
- **Target:** meshai connects to the companion identity named **AIDA** on the pyMC repeater — aida-nebra at **100.64.0.9** over Tailscale, **port 5050** (the AIDA companion on aida-nebra; pyMC's out-of-box default is 5000). The repeater's radio node is **EchoBase**; **AIDA** is the companion frame-server identity meshai attaches to (set under `identities.companions[]` in the repeater's config). The frame server is confirmed enabled. No authentication on the frame server. Endpoint: `100.64.0.9:5050`.
- **⚠️ Single-client gotcha (important):** pyMC's companion frame server is **single-client** — a new connection **evicts** the existing one. So meshai and MeshMonitor (which we also want on MeshCore for network awareness) **cannot share one companion frame server** — they'd kick each other off. Resolution: pyMC's config supports **multiple companion identities** (`identities.companions[]` is a list), each on its own `tcp_port` — run a **dedicated companion identity/port for meshai** and a separate one for MeshMonitor. (This mirrors the Meshtastic side, where meshai and MeshMonitor coexist via MeshMonitor's vnode.) meshai's companion endpoint is the **AIDA** identity at `100.64.0.9:5050` — if MeshMonitor also needs MeshCore awareness it must use a **separate** companion identity/port so the two don't evict each other.

## Network awareness: MeshCore vs Meshtastic

- **Meshtastic (today):** rich, global, passive picture via MeshView + MeshMonitor (fed by Meshtastic's MQTT firehose).
- **MeshCore:** no MQTT firehose and no passive "every node ever heard" nodeDB — by design (privacy/routing model). Awareness is LOCAL/contact-scoped and mostly PULL-based.
- **Convenient fit:** MeshMonitor (the same tool meshai already uses for Meshtastic) supports MeshCore as a first-class source since v4.5+, over USB/TCP, with a REST API (`/api/nodes`). So MeshCore awareness reuses the existing MeshMonitor pattern. MeshMonitor is already central to meshai's mesh connectivity — meshai's Meshtastic link itself runs over IP through MeshMonitor's vnode — which makes reusing MeshMonitor for MeshCore awareness an especially natural fit.
- **What we CAN give a MeshCore user's LLM query:** contact roster (name, node type, last-advert, position if shared, known path/hops via `get_contacts()`), per-message SNR/RSSI, own device telemetry, on-demand telemetry from other nodes (`req_telemetry`/`req_status`, Cayenne LPP), trace/path discovery. Repeater stats (uptime/airtime/neighbors) only if the operator enabled guest access.
- **What's missing vs Meshtastic:** no global/passive view, no firehose, advert SNR/position not inline, companion has no neighbor table (only Repeaters do).
- **Verdict:** less than Meshtastic's effortless global view, but a real local picture — plan MeshCore awareness around active polling of a curated contact/repeater set, not passive ingestion.

## Architecture & code seams (current meshai)

- Today: one concrete `MeshConnector` (`meshai/connector.py`) hard-wired to the `meshtastic` package (serial/TCP; no BLE), imported directly by `main.py`, `router.py`, `responder.py`, `channels.py`, and the pipeline. No transport interface.
- Send path: `MeshConnector.send_message()` → `interface.sendText(...)`; broadcast = `BROADCAST_NUM` on a channel index.
- Inbound: meshtastic pubsub → `_on_receive` builds a `MeshMessage` (carries a meshtastic-specific `packet` dict) → `set_message_callback` → `MeshAIBot._on_message` → `MessageRouter`.
- Size assumptions duplicated in 4 places: `chunker.py` (`max_chars=200`), `MeshRenderer` + its `(k/N)` splitter (`renderers/mesh.py`), digest accumulator (`pipeline/digest.py`), and the newer `single_packet_max_chars` (`adapter_config/defaults.py`, used by `central/nws_handler.py`); plus a stray `[:195]` in `notifications/router.py`.
- Config: dataclasses in `meshai/config.py` (`ConnectionConfig`), loaded from `meshtastic.yaml` via `config_loader.py`. Exactly one connector is built in `main.py`.

## meshai config: the MeshCore menu

- There is **no MeshCore code in meshai yet** (greenfield; nothing to reconcile).
- meshai config is **two-layer**: (1) file — `meshai/config.py` `ConnectionConfig` dataclass (`type` serial|tcp, `tcp_host`, `tcp_port`), loaded from `meshtastic.yaml` via `config_loader.py`; (2) **live dashboard** — a React Config page (`dashboard-frontend/src/pages/Config.tsx`) with a "Connection" section, saved at runtime via `PUT /config/{section}` (`dashboard/api/config_routes.py`), with a restart banner when needed.
- The **MeshCore menu** = a new sub-form in the dashboard's Connection section (plus a matching config block). Fields it needs:
  - transport enable / select (meshtastic | meshcore | both)
  - `connection_type: tcp` (the pyMC path is TCP; BLE/serial exist in the lib but aren't used here)
  - `host` (aida-nebra, `100.64.0.9`), `port` (`5050` — the AIDA companion on aida-nebra; pyMC's out-of-box default is 5000)
  - `channel_index` (index into the companion's channel table — required to send/receive on a public channel)
  - `channel_name` (optional label)
  - `channel_psk` / secret — **store in `credentials`, NOT in this doc or any graph-tracked file**; only needed if meshai must provision the channel rather than relying on one pre-configured on the repeater
  - `max_chars` (MeshCore per-chunk cap — est. ~130–150; verify against companion max)
  - `auto_reconnect` + `max_reconnect_attempts` (passed to `create_tcp`)
  - optional self/node name for the companion identity

## Implementation plan (phased)

- **Phase 1 — Transport abstraction (pure refactor, testable without new hardware).** Extract `MeshTransport` ABC (`connect/disconnect/send_message/set_message_callback/my_node_id/connected/get_node_name/get_node_position`). Rename `MeshConnector` → `MeshtasticTransport` (behavior identical; assert byte-identical output in tests). Generalize `MeshMessage` (drop meshtastic-only `packet`; add a `transport` tag + generic reply-address token). Config-driven transport factory. Existing tests stay green.
- **Phase 2 — MeshCoreTransport (in + out).** Wrap the `meshcore` lib behind the same sync surface via a dedicated event-loop thread. Outbound `send_chan_msg` for broadcast, DM-by-pubkey for replies. Inbound: MeshCore channel/contact events → normalized `MeshMessage` → same callback. Contact/pubkey handling from adverts; `my_node_id` equivalent = our node pubkey (self-filter).
- **Phase 3 — Uniform sizing + one splitter.** Consolidate the 4 size sites into `transport.max_chars`; message formatting targets the minimum active budget (~120) so output is uniform; transport does final (k/N) safety split. Remove the stray [:195].
- **Phase 4 — CompositeTransport ("both") + reply routing.** Fan `send_message` to both children; merge both inbound streams; each reply goes back over the transport it arrived on (via the `MeshMessage.transport` tag).
- **Phase 5 — Per-network awareness + config + deploy.** Scope LLM network-status context to the originating network (MeshCore via MeshMonitor REST, mirroring the Meshtastic path). Add `transport: meshtastic|meshcore|both` + a `meshcore` config section (serial/tcp, channel index/PSK, max_chars). Add the `meshcore` pip dependency to the image. Deploy to CT 108 once the second radio is attached; smoke-test both meshes.

## Open items / prerequisites

1. **Hardware:** a **MeshCore Companion node reachable over IP/TCP** (native-TCP firmware or a `ser2net`/serial-to-IP bridge). Location is flexible — it need NOT be the meshai host — and no USB/udev pinning is required since the connection is over the network. "Both" can't run live until this exists — Phases 1–4 can be built/unit-tested without it.
2. **Dependency:** adds the `meshcore` pip package to the meshai image (needs approval per no-deps-without-permission policy).
3. **Timing:** Phase 1 touches core files (`connector.py`, `main.py`, `router.py`, `responder.py`, `channels.py`) near the in-flight `fix/fire-spam-drain-pacer` work; land this AFTER that branch merges to main to avoid a refactor conflict on the live host.
4. ✅ **RESOLVED — pyMC companion frame server:** confirmed **enabled** on aida-nebra, on **port 5050**, companion identity **AIDA** (repeater radio node EchoBase, RAK4631).
5. ✅ **RESOLVED — aida-nebra Tailscale IP = `100.64.0.9`** (confirmed authoritatively from Tailscale: `tailscale status`, `tailscale ip -4 aida-nebra`, MagicDNS `aida-nebra.echo6.mesh`, and `getent hosts` all agree). The old 100.64.0.18 figure is wrong.
6. **Single-client separation (still open):** ensure meshai's **AIDA** companion identity/port (`100.64.0.9:5050`) is not also used by MeshMonitor. If MeshMonitor needs MeshCore awareness, it must use a **separate companion identity/port** so the two don't evict each other.
7. Map the repeater's **channel table** (which index = which named channel/PSK).
8. Confirm **MeshCore max text length** to set `max_chars`.

## Risks

- Async bridge (meshcore asyncio ↔ meshai sync send).
- Reply routing correctness (right mesh).
- MeshCore firmware/lib version churn — pin the `meshcore` lib + Companion firmware together; constants (`MAX_TEXT_LEN`, opcodes) are firmware-defined.
- Uniform-to-smaller means Meshtastic messages don't use their extra capacity (accepted tradeoff for uniformity).

## References

- meshcore Python lib: github.com/meshcore-dev/meshcore_py ; pypi.org/project/meshcore
- Companion protocol: docs.meshcore.io/companion_protocol/ ; firmware: github.com/meshcore-dev/MeshCore
- MeshMonitor MeshCore support: meshmonitor.org/features/meshcore.html
- Roles overview: nodakmesh.org/blog/meshcore-how-it-works-guide
- pyMC_core (companion frame server): github.com/pyMC-dev/pyMC_core — src/pymc_core/companion/frame_server.py
- pyMC_Repeater / openHop: github.com/rightup/pyMC_Repeater
- meshcore_py TCP transport: github.com/meshcore-dev/meshcore_py — src/meshcore/tcp_cx.py

## Deploy context

meshai runs on CT 108 (Tailscale 100.64.0.32) as a docker compose build in /home/zvx/meshai/work/ — NOT the Central service on CT 104. Mesh connectivity is all over IP: no radio is attached to CT 108. The Meshtastic link runs over IP to MeshMonitor's vnode (which fronts the radio), and the planned MeshCore link is likewise a Companion node reached over TCP — so neither transport requires hardware on the meshai host. See the deploy topology note.
