diff --git a/src/central/adapters/eonet.py b/src/central/adapters/eonet.py
index ac4d46e..87003c7 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/eonet.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/eonet.py
@@ -148,6 +148,9 @@ class EONETAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None
     default_cadence_s = 1800
 
+    # Event lat/lon mirrored from Geo.centroid into event.data (see poll()).
+    enrichment_locations = [("latitude", "longitude")]
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
@@ -370,6 +373,12 @@ class EONETAdapter(SourceAdapter):
                 "latest_geometry_date": latest_date_iso or None,
             }
 
+            # Mirror centroid (lon, lat) into top-level data keys for the flat
+            # enrichment path (see enrichment_locations).
+            if centroid is not None:
+                data["latitude"] = centroid[1]
+                data["longitude"] = centroid[0]
+
             dedup_key = _dedup_key(event_id, latest_date_iso)
 
             if self.is_published(dedup_key):
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/gdacs.py b/src/central/adapters/gdacs.py
index 9ff6d6e..cff6801 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/gdacs.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/gdacs.py
@@ -150,6 +150,9 @@ class GDACSAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None
     default_cadence_s = 600
 
+    # Event lat/lon mirrored from Geo.centroid into event.data (see poll()).
+    enrichment_locations = [("latitude", "longitude")]
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
@@ -391,6 +394,12 @@ class GDACSAdapter(SourceAdapter):
                 "iscurrent": iscurrent,
             }
 
+            # Mirror centroid (lon, lat) into top-level data keys for the flat
+            # enrichment path (see enrichment_locations).
+            if centroid is not None:
+                data["latitude"] = centroid[1]
+                data["longitude"] = centroid[0]
+
             if not iscurrent:
                 # Explicit tombstone from upstream. Only emit if we previously observed it.
                 if guid in observed_before:
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/inciweb.py b/src/central/adapters/inciweb.py
index 2ae0634..853b120 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/inciweb.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/inciweb.py
@@ -171,6 +171,9 @@ class InciWebAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None  # Ships disabled
     default_cadence_s = 600
 
+    # Coords parsed from the narrative, mirrored from Geo.centroid into event.data.
+    enrichment_locations = [("latitude", "longitude")]
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
@@ -461,6 +464,9 @@ class InciWebAdapter(SourceAdapter):
                     "url": item.get("link", ""),
                     "guid": guid,
                     "raw": item,
+                    # Mirror centroid (lon, lat) for the flat enrichment path.
+                    "latitude": centroid[1] if centroid else None,
+                    "longitude": centroid[0] if centroid else None,
                 },
             )
 
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/nwis.py b/src/central/adapters/nwis.py
index e2a922d..6948a69 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/nwis.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/nwis.py
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ class NWISAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None
     default_cadence_s = 900
 
+    # Site lat/lon mirrored from Geo.centroid into event.data (see _build_event).
+    enrichment_locations = [("latitude", "longitude")]
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
@@ -372,6 +375,12 @@ class NWISAdapter(SourceAdapter):
             "last_modified": props.get("last_modified"),
         }
 
+        # Mirror centroid (lon, lat) into top-level data keys so the flat
+        # enrichment path can reach them (see enrichment_locations).
+        if centroid is not None:
+            data["latitude"] = centroid[1]
+            data["longitude"] = centroid[0]
+
         return Event(
             id=f"{monitoring_location_id}:{parameter_code}:{time_iso}",
             adapter=self.name,
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/nws.py b/src/central/adapters/nws.py
index 8205a1f..e50922e 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/nws.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/nws.py
@@ -212,6 +212,9 @@ class NWSAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = 1
     default_cadence_s = 60
 
+    # Alerts cover forecast zones/counties (polygons), not a single point.
+    enrichment_locations = []
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/swpc_alerts.py b/src/central/adapters/swpc_alerts.py
index 3368824..8bd3317 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/swpc_alerts.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/swpc_alerts.py
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ class SWPCAlertsAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None
     default_cadence_s = 300
 
+    # Space weather — no geographic coordinate to enrich.
+    enrichment_locations = []
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/swpc_kindex.py b/src/central/adapters/swpc_kindex.py
index f05bcbb..ab5d29f 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/swpc_kindex.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/swpc_kindex.py
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ class SWPCKindexAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None
     default_cadence_s = 600
 
+    # Space weather — no geographic coordinate to enrich.
+    enrichment_locations = []
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/swpc_protons.py b/src/central/adapters/swpc_protons.py
index 1a3876e..7c1d84c 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/swpc_protons.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/swpc_protons.py
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ class SWPCProtonsAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None
     default_cadence_s = 600
 
+    # Space weather — no geographic coordinate to enrich.
+    enrichment_locations = []
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/usgs_quake.py b/src/central/adapters/usgs_quake.py
index 63009ee..4fd8911 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/usgs_quake.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/usgs_quake.py
@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ class USGSQuakeAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = 3
     default_cadence_s = 60
 
+    # Epicenter lat/lon are top-level keys in event.data (see _build_event).
+    enrichment_locations = [("latitude", "longitude")]
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/wfigs_incidents.py b/src/central/adapters/wfigs_incidents.py
index 660d1de..be31f20 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/wfigs_incidents.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/wfigs_incidents.py
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ class WFIGSIncidentsAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None  # Not in setup wizard
     default_cadence_s = 300
 
+    # Incident-point lat/lon mirrored from Geo.centroid into event.data.
+    enrichment_locations = [("latitude", "longitude")]
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
@@ -326,6 +329,9 @@ class WFIGSIncidentsAdapter(SourceAdapter):
                     "POOState_raw": state_raw,
                     "POOCounty": county,
                     "raw": props,
+                    # Mirror centroid (lon, lat) for the flat enrichment path.
+                    "latitude": centroid[1] if centroid else None,
+                    "longitude": centroid[0] if centroid else None,
                 },
             )
 
diff --git a/src/central/adapters/wfigs_perimeters.py b/src/central/adapters/wfigs_perimeters.py
index 669d635..1a1d336 100644
--- a/src/central/adapters/wfigs_perimeters.py
+++ b/src/central/adapters/wfigs_perimeters.py
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ class WFIGSPerimetersAdapter(SourceAdapter):
     wizard_order = None  # Not in setup wizard
     default_cadence_s = 300
 
+    # Perimeters are polygons, not a single point — no coordinate to enrich.
+    enrichment_locations = []
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         config: AdapterConfig,
diff --git a/tests/test_enrichment_locations_coverage.py b/tests/test_enrichment_locations_coverage.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2be4c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_enrichment_locations_coverage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""Coverage tests for adapter enrichment_locations declarations (PR L-a).
+
+Every adapter must make a conscious enrichment_locations declaration — a
+non-empty [(lat_field, lon_field)] for point adapters, or an explicit [] for
+adapters with no point coordinate. Registry-derived (iterates
+discover_adapters()), no hardcoded adapter lists.
+
+Plus synthetic-event tests for the two adapters with isolated event builders
+(usgs_quake._feature_to_event, nwis._build_event) proving the declared
+latitude/longitude paths actually resolve on event.data. The four inline-build
+point adapters (eonet, gdacs, wfigs_incidents, inciweb) construct events only
+inside poll() and are covered by the live end-to-end smoke instead.
+"""
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+from central.adapter_discovery import discover_adapters
+from central.config_models import AdapterConfig
+
+
+def test_every_adapter_explicitly_declares_enrichment_locations():
+    """Each adapter declares enrichment_locations in its OWN class body (not
+    just inheriting the SourceAdapter default) — a conscious choice per adapter."""
+    missing = [
+        name for name, cls in discover_adapters().items()
+        if "enrichment_locations" not in cls.__dict__
+    ]
+    assert not missing, f"adapters missing an explicit enrichment_locations: {missing}"
+
+
+def test_enrichment_locations_shape_is_valid():
+    """Each declaration is a list of (str, str) tuples (possibly empty)."""
+    for name, cls in discover_adapters().items():
+        locs = cls.enrichment_locations
+        assert isinstance(locs, list), f"{name}: not a list"
+        for tup in locs:
+            assert isinstance(tup, tuple) and len(tup) == 2, f"{name}: bad tuple {tup!r}"
+            assert all(isinstance(p, str) for p in tup), f"{name}: non-str path {tup!r}"
+
+
+def test_point_adapters_use_canonical_lat_lon_paths():
+    """Every point adapter (non-empty declaration) uses the same protocol keys
+    ('latitude', 'longitude') — the convention FIRMS established."""
+    for name, cls in discover_adapters().items():
+        if cls.enrichment_locations:
+            assert cls.enrichment_locations == [("latitude", "longitude")], (
+                f"{name} uses non-canonical paths: {cls.enrichment_locations}"
+            )
+
+
+def test_at_least_the_known_point_adapters_are_non_empty():
+    """Registry-derived sanity: the adapters that carry a point coordinate have
+    a non-empty declaration. Derived by probing enrichment_locations, not a
+    hardcoded list — guards against a regression that blanks them all."""
+    non_empty = {
+        name for name, cls in discover_adapters().items() if cls.enrichment_locations
+    }
+    # firms is the original; there must be several point adapters now.
+    assert "firms" in non_empty
+    assert len(non_empty) >= 5, f"expected several point adapters, got {sorted(non_empty)}"
+
+
+# --- synthetic-event tests for the two isolated builders --------------------
+
+def test_usgs_quake_event_exposes_top_level_latlon():
+    from central.adapters.usgs_quake import USGSQuakeAdapter
+
+    config = AdapterConfig(
+        name="usgs_quake", enabled=True, cadence_s=60,
+        settings={}, updated_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+    )
+    adapter = USGSQuakeAdapter(config, MagicMock(), Path("/tmp/never_used.db"))
+    feature = {
+        "type": "Feature", "id": "test_q1",
+        "properties": {"mag": 2.5, "place": "X", "time": 1715000000000,
+                       "updated": 1715000000000},
+        "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-116.2, 43.7, 10.5]},
+    }
+    event = adapter._feature_to_event(feature)
+    assert event is not None
+    assert event.data["latitude"] == 43.7
+    assert event.data["longitude"] == -116.2
+
+
+def test_nwis_event_mirrors_centroid_into_data():
+    from central.adapters.nwis import NWISAdapter
+
+    config = AdapterConfig(
+        name="nwis", enabled=True, cadence_s=900,
+        settings={}, updated_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+    )
+    adapter = NWISAdapter(config, MagicMock(), Path("/tmp/never_used.db"))
+    feature = {
+        "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-90.25, 41.78]},  # (lon, lat)
+        "properties": {
+            "monitoring_location_id": "USGS-05420500",
+            "time": "2026-05-20T00:00:00Z",
+            "value": "123.0",
+            "unit_of_measure": "ft",
+        },
+    }
+    event = adapter._build_event(feature, "00060")
+    assert event is not None
+    # latitude = centroid[1], longitude = centroid[0]; no axis swap.
+    assert event.data["latitude"] == 41.78
+    assert event.data["longitude"] == -90.25
+    # Geo.centroid retained for existing rendering uses.
+    assert event.geo.centroid == (-90.25, 41.78)